![]() ![]() Central ray directed 30 - 45° cephalad Centered 2 distal to the upper border of the pubic symphysis. Females: Position patient for AP view of pelvis. Otolaryngology adverse events airway congenital anomalies measurements. Central ray directed 25-35° cephalad Centered 2 distal to the superior border of the pubic symphysis. This review focuses on the diagnostic and prognostic measures available to evaluate the presence and degree of cervical instability in patients with Trisomy 21 and to propose practical recommendations to be applied in clinical practice. In daily practice, many anesthesiologists may provide anesthesia via such means as laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during surgery, without any radiological investigations before surgery. In areas of the cervical spine reported to be better visualized by supine oblique views than three-view series, our results indicate that supine oblique views did not improve detection but did, in certain cases, allow more specific diagnosis of injuries. Several measurements have been investigated to assess the presence and degree of cervical instability however, no conclusive recommendations have been forthcoming. These discs allow the spine to move freely and act as shock. The cervical spine (neck region) consists of seven bones ( C1-C7 vertebrae ), which are separated from one another by intervertebral discs. The dynamic cervical spine radiograph is the most common screening tool for ruling out cervical spine instability in patients with Trisomy 21, and it is often requested before surgery. The neck is part of a long flexible column, known as the spinal column or backbone, which extends through most of the body. The radiologic assessment of cervical instability is not unanimously considered mandatory. A full radiological examination of the c-spine requires two further x-rays: AP Odontoid (>5yrs) These should be performed when further imaging is required in order to assess the c-spine. The c-spine x-ray in the trauma series is the Lateral: this should identify 80 -90 of fractures. Up to 30% of Trisomy 21 patients are affected by atlanto-axial or atlanto-occipital instability, but only 1%-2% of cases are symptomatic. Clinical and radiological data must be interpreted together. Patients with Trisomy 21 are particularly at risk of cervical instability due to ligamentous laxity and osseous abnormalities. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |